Ocean

Circulations/Currents/Oscillations

Circulations/Currents- Data:

www.nodc.noaa.gov	National Oceanographic Data Center. Ocean Current Data.
rads.tudelft.nl	Current velocities of the Gulf Stream. DEOS- the Department of Earth Observation and Space Systems in The Netherlands.
www.ncdc.noaa.gov	NOAA Paleoclimatology. Climate Science: Investigating Climatic and Environmental Processes-info on Thermohaline Circulation.
www.whoi.edu	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Ocean Topics.
oceancurrents.rsmas.miami.edu	National Oceanographic Partnership Program, with the University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmoshperic Science, and NOAA's Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Sciences. Ocean current reference site. Each current has important links, summary text detailing velocity and hydrographic observations, and plots such as, average current speed and locations, drifting buoy positions, sea surface temperature maps, and HYCOM simulations.

The oceans hold more than 90 percent of the heat in the Earth’s climate system.

Circulations/Currents. Reports/Papers/News:
www.whoi.edu	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. "Rate of Ocean Circulation Directly Linked to Abrupt Climate Change in North Atlantic Region"
www.whoi.edu	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. "Are We on the Brink of a 'New Little Ice Age?'" Originally published: February 10, 2003 Last updated: August 18, 2008
www.whoi.edu	Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. "The Once and Future Circulation of the Ocean: Clues in seafloor sediments link ocean shifts and climate changes."
www.giss.nasa.gov	NASA Goddard Institute. "Ocean Circulation Shut Down by Melting Glaciers After Last Ice Age" Nov. 19, 2001.
www.bbc.co.uk	BBC, Thursday 13 November 2003, 9pm "The Big Chill" - transcript.
www.sciencedaily.com	Science Daily "Shutdown Of Circulation Pattern Could Be Disastrous, Researchers Say" ScienceDaily (Dec. 20, 2004).
williamcalvin.com	"The Great Climate Flip-flop" from the Atlantic Monthly, by William H. Calvin. Lots of info, easy to read, good graphs.
www.manicore.com	"Will marine currents change ?" last modified : September 2007. Site of Jean-Marc Jancovici.
www.usclivar.org	US CLIVAR. The Role of the Madden-Julian Oscillation in Climate. PDF.

"Some data indicate that sea ice has consistently covered at least part of the Arctic Ocean for the last 13–14 million years, and it has been most extensive during the most recent approximately 2 m.y. Other data argue against the development of perennial (year-round) sea ice until the most recent few million years." "Past Climate Variability and Change in the Arctic and at High Latitudes" www.climatescience.gov/pdf

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